Writing IELTS
1 paragraph
1.1 topic sentence 50%
1.2 supporting ideas 20%
1.3 example 30%
2 how
to write a good topic sentence?
2.1 Clear
rõ ràng
2.1.1 sign-post
từ chỉ đường
2.1.1.1
First idea
·
Firstly, clause
·
First, clause
·
in the first
place, clause
·
The first benefit
of...is to do something/is that+ clause/ is +noun phrase
·
Noun phrase is
the first benefit of...
2.1.1.2
second idea
·
secondly, clause
·
second, clause
·
furthermore/
moreover/ inaddition
·
equally
important,clause
·
the second
benefit/ disadvantage is to do sth/ is that+ clause/ is noun phrase.
·
another benefit
is....
2.1.1.3
third idea
·
thirdly/ third/
in the third place, clause
·
furthermore/ more
over/ inaddition,clause
·
finally/
lastly,clause
·
the final benefit
is that....
·
noun phrase is
the final benefit/ disadvantage/ advantage
2.1.2 agree
or disagree
-thái độ
Agree
·
benefit/
advantage
·
have (a) positive
/ good influence/ impact(s)/ on sth
·
have (a)
great/significant/tremendous positve impact(s) on sth
Disagree
·
disadvantage/
drawback/ down side
·
have (a)negative/
unwanted/ adverse effect(s) on sth
·
have
(an)appalling/catastrophic/ disastrous consequence(s) on sth
good influence: ảnh
hưởng tốt
impact: tác động
significant: đầy ý
nghĩa, quan trọng
tremendous: to lớn,
rất tốt
drawback: trở ngại,
hạn chế
appalling: kinh
khủng
catastrophic: thê
thảm
disastrous: thảm
khốc
consequence: hậu
quả
2.1.3 who?
what is mentioned
-nói về ai, cái gì
identify who?
rule : diversify the
objects mentioned by using synonyms: đa dạng hóachủ đề được đề cập bằng cách
dùng từ đồng nghĩa.
negative:
victims/patients/addicts/abuses/sufferers
neutral and positive: learners/ users/ owners/ watchers/ the young/ players/
the old/ couples/ parents/...
- đối tượng thay đổi ở mỗi chủ đề
- sử dụng đối tượng làm nền tảng cho
các ý tưởng
2.2 Formal
trang trọng
Do: start with a noun
phrase and use formal fixed phases fluently
Do not:
avoid verbing at the beginning of the sentence and using over used words like: get/help/make
2.2.1 6
cách viết lại câu 1cách trang trọng
2.2.1.1
add synonyms
2.2.1.2
put effects before reason
2.2.1.3
use complex structures
2.2.1.4
turn V-ing into people
2.2.1.5
start with word showing degree :it is
2.2.1.6
start with a sing-post
2.2.2 phases
useful to write a good topic sentence
2.2.2.1
positive meaning
Make:
strengthen somebody's health
= cement/ cultivate/better/
enhance/strenghthen relation
= tobe conducive to sth/V-ing
(subject is not people)
provide someone the chance/
oppotunity to do sth/
give someone favorable condition to
do sth.
Help:
equip somebody with sth
bestow upon somebody sth
provide sb easier access to do sth
enable sb to do sth
Get:
accumulate (knowledge, skills,
experience, capital)
gain/achieve/obtain(money, skills,
exp, score)
enhance (exp, skills,) nuture/
sharpen/foster/ cultivate
2.2.2.2
negative meaning
- cause, lead to, result in, trigger,
pose sth
- be responsible for sth, be conducive
to sth
- be a culprit of, a contributor to,
the cause of, the reason for, be a catalyst for sth
- put sth at risk/ in danger/ in
jeopardy
- endanger/ jeopardize/ risk/
threaten/ intimidate sth
2.3 Concise
cô đọng
before writing a topic sentence
- sure about the idea
- make sure topic sentence in an
essay not overlap each other
- vary your structures in the topic
sentences
- follow three criteria :clear,
formal and concise
2.4 Ideas do not overlap
không trùng lặp
dont list
dont give examples
3 Mệnh
đề liên hệ
3.1 diễn đạt hành động xảy ra trước, sau or những diễn
biến thay đổi trong biểu đồ
3.1.1 có
3 vị trí là beginning, middle, end
3.1.2 trong
biểu đồ
gradualism/gradual/gradually
drama/dramatic/dramatically
fluctuation/fluctuate
go up
remain(s) unchanged/ stablize(s)/ a
stable trend/ remain(s) the same
stabilzing/ remaining stable
which see(s) a gradually increase/
climb
to be seen.../ noun see(s)
3.2 kết nối thông tin, diễn đạt, bổ trợ câu chủ đề
trong biểu đồ nhiều đoạn
3 cách diễn đạt
decreasing strongly
going up quickly
decreasing strongly
remain(s)/stay unchanged
ending the period with a quick rise
in the last month
followse by a quick rise
fluctuate
stable trend
3.3 ở witing task 2, ctrúc này là bí kíp của ng Anh code
nguyên nhân-KQ
code nguyên nhân <-> kết quả
nguyên nhân->kết quả: which
lead(s) to/ results in/ triggers/ is responsible for/ is the culprit of/ is the
reason for/.......
kết quả-> nguyên nhân: which
derives from/ in the results of/ is the consequence of/ comes from its/......
diễn tả một quy trình:
- producing, leading to...
- follow by/ which range/lie from...
3.4 chú ý
bản chất là tính từ của câu, là phụ
có thể bỏ đi
- đặt mệnh đề lhệ ở đầu câu cần đảm bảo
chủ ngữ mệnh đề chính và phụ trùng nhau
- witing task2, dùng như công cụ kết
nối và diễn đạt các lập luận, ví dụ mang tính hệ thống, dễ hiểu, đúng bản ngữ
- task 1, cấu trúc diễn đạt hành động
xảy ra trước, sau trong 1 chuỗi hành động hay quy trình của biểu đồ đường, biểu
đồ tròn.
4 Adverbial
clause
4.1 Application
4.1.1 Noun
phrase
after a significant fall in the first
month, the number of people with syphilis remains unchanged in the second
month, before a dramatic rise in the last month
4.1.2 Vearbing
phrase
after seeing a considerable fall in
the first month, the number of people with syphilis remains unchanged in the second
month, before dramatically climbing in the last month
4.1.3 Noun
phrase + V-ing
after a substantial fall in the first
month, the quantity of people with syphilis stabilizes in the second month,
before ending period with a rapid climb in the last month
4.1.4 Relative
clause + adverbial clause
starting with a significant fall in
the first month, the number of people with syphilis reaches a plateau in the
second month, before a dramatic rise in the last month
4.2 biểu đồ cột
4.2.1 các
cách diễn đạt
despite of sth/V-ing
the opposite is true of Noun
4.3 Note -sign post
cấu trúc mệnh đề trạng ngữ ưu thế hơn
mệnh đề liên hệ trong 1 số trường hợp là nó có signpost
- positive: by dint of,
by virtue of, with hope of,
in
hope of, in an effort to, thanks
to (over used)
- negative: as a consequence
of, owning to V-ing,
due
to v-ing, on accout of
- neutral: because
of, as a result of,
so
as to/ in order to.
by dint of...: do bởi...mãi mà ex: by dint of failure,we achieved success
by virtue of sth: bởi vì
owning to V-ing: thừa nhận, thú nhận
on account of sth/ on this account:
do cái gì/vì lý do này
as to sth: về cái gì,lquan đến cái gì
ex: as to correcting our homework, the teacher always makes us do it
ourselves.- về việc chữa bt ở nhà, gviên luôn bảo tự chữa.
ENGLISH EMPHATIC STRUCTURES
“Not” type:
-
When
negative words listed below are placed at the beginning of clause for emphasis
1 . not
only….but also
Not only +
auxiliary + S + (O/C), but S + also +
normal verb +(O/C)
Ex: Not only
did he fail the exam, but he also got an accident.
Not onl is
she tolerant of his mistake, but she is also gentle with him.
2. Not once: not once + auxiliary + S + V infi
Not once was
he ontime.
3. by no mean =
it is certain that something does not happen
By no mean +
auxiliary + S + Vinfi
By no mean
will he come here
4. Nowhere:
Nowhere + aux + S + V infi
Nowhere is
the effect of govement policy more apparent than in agriculture.
5. never : Never
+ aux + S + Vinfi
Never does
he admit he make a mistake
Never was
she dishonest with us
6. seldom:
seldom + aux + S + Vinfi
Seldom does
he get up early
Seldom had
thay come late
7. Scarcely:
Scarcely + aux + S+Vinfi
Scarcely did
my grandfather complain anything
Scarcely
could you be punctual
8. No
sooner…than….
No sooner +
aux+ S + Vinf + than clause
No sooner
had he arrived than he got down to work
9. Little
Litter does
the government appreciate the talented people
Little does
this organization make changes.
“Only” type:
-
When
the following expressions beginning with only occur at the beginning of a
sentence ( with these expressions, the subject and verb in that clause are
inverted)
1
. Only in (on, at, by,): Only in (on,at, by) + noun phrase + aux + S +Vinf +
O/C
Only in this
area can I fell safe
2. Only recently
: only recently + aux+ S + Vinf
Only
recently could we afford to travel by air
3. Only once :
Only once + aux+ S + Vinf
Only once
did he forget my name
4. only by :
only by + Ving + O/C + aux+ S + Vinf
Only by
studying harder will you be better at English
5. only when :
only when + clause + aux+ S + Vinf
Only when I
love him do I know how important love is
6. Only if :
only if + clause + aux+ S + Vinf + O/C
Only if she
loved me could she live a happy life
Only if I
were a bird could I fly
Only if you
have a serious problem should you call me at home
7. only because
: only because + clause + aux+ S + Vinf + O/C
Only because
he got trouble was he not alble to pass the exam
Only because
she mistreated her children was she hated by them
8. only until:
only until + clause + aux+ S + Vinf + O/C
Only until I
am twenty-five years old do I know what to do with my life
Only until
he said goodbye to me do I know how painful love is
9. only when:
only when + clause + aux+ S + Vinf + O/C
Only when
thay decide to be estranged do thay realize the value of nuptial happiness.
Only when
the market meets customer’s demand will our economy be developed
10. only after:
only after + clause + aux+ S + Vinf + O/C
Only after
she is away from her family, having her own family will she understand parental
worries
Only after
the company collapsed did thousands of people become employed
“So” and “such”
type
-
When clauses beginning with the word “so” + an
adjective or participle occur at the beginning of a sentence
1 . So + adj +
tobe+S+that+clause
So + adv+aux+S+that+clause
So moved was
the girl that she burst into tears
So quickly
did the cat run that it reached the pole within one minute
2. Such
+tobe/aux+S(noun phrase)+that+clause
Such was a
great book written that it became a moral compass for people who are trapped in
midst of dog-eat-dog world.
-
When
clauses beginning with expressions of place or order occur at the beginning of
a sentence (in these case, the subject and main verb are inverted since aux
verbs are not used as they would be in most questions)
Place/order type
1 . In front of,
Behind/beside/under/on/beneath/off
+ tobe/lie/exist/rest/ + S (tobe/lie/exist/rest is divided according to the
subject)
Ex: In front
of his garden is a bush of trees
Behind the
gate lies a status
Under the
tree rests a bird
Of the coast
ever lied the Channel Islands
2.
First/second/third + tobe/normal/verb + S (tobe/lie/exist/rest/come/arrive/enter
is divided according to the subject)
Ex: first
came a police car, then came an ambulance
First
entered a big guy, then arrived a middle aged wonam
Inversion with
type of “if”
1
. if I were to ask people for help, I would build a stronger organization
→ were I to
ask people for help, I would build a stronger organizatioin
2. if they had been more polite, they would have been
appreciated
→ were they
to have been more polite,they would have been more appreciated
3. if you should hear anything, let me know
→ should you
hear anything, let me know
4. if I had know, I would have protested more strongly
→ had I
know, I would have protested more strongly
Inversion after
“as”: cung nhu vay = comparion structures
As +
tobe/aux + S
Ex: we were
short of money, as were most people in our neiborhood
My company
is going bankrupt, as are other companies in our country = like others
companies in our country, my company is going bankrupt
He is badly
stricken with measles, as are other students in his class = like other students
is his class, he is badly stricken with measles.
It tobe+noun
phrase+that = only because + subordinate clause +aux/tobe +S2 +O/C
It is his
laxiness that has caused his failure = only becauuse he is lazy has he failed
S +aux +verb inf
He did
forget his past wrongdoings
I know he does
love me when he decides to marry me at his early age
It is high time
that S + verb (past tence)+O/C
it is high
time that we were aware of environmental protection
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